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Yamaoka Tesshū
, also known as Ono Tetsutarō or Yamaoka Tetsutarō, was a famous samurai of the Bakumatsu period, who played an important role in the Meiji Restoration. He is also noted as the founder of the ''Itto Shoden Muto-ryu'' school of swordsmanship.
==Early life==
Yamaoka was born in Edo (present-day Tokyo) as Ono Tetsutaro, where his father was a retainer of the Tokugawa Shogunate and his mother was the daughter of a Shinto priest from Kashima Shrine. Yamaoka practiced swordsmanship from the age of nine, starting in the ''Jikishinkage Ryu'' tradition. After that he learned ''Hokushin Ittō-ryū'' from Inoue Hachirō, who was asked by Yamaoka Tesshū's father to teach his son. Later his family moved to Takayama where he began the ''Nakanishi-ha Ittō-ryū'' style of fencing. When he was seventeen, he returned to Edo and joined the government's ''Kobukan'' Military Institute and the Yamaoka School of Spear Fighting under Yamaoka Seizan. Not long after Yamaoka had joined the ''dojo'', Seizan died, Yamaoka went on to marry Seizan's sister in order to carry on the Yamaoka name. From an early age, Yamaoka showed dedication and talent in the practice of martial arts. As he grew up, he became well known for several things: his swordsmanship, calligraphy, drinking and sleeping.
In 1856, he became supervising instructor of swordsmanship at the ''Kobukan''. In 1863, he became supervisor of the ''Roshigumi'' (a force of ''ronin'' or "masterless samurai" serving as a mercenary auxiliary force to the Shogunal army). In 1868, he was appointed chief of the ''Seieitai'', an elite bodyguard for the 15th Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu. He went to Sunpu to negotiate with Saigō Takamori, and brought about Saigo's meeting with Katsu Kaishū, thereby contributing to the surrender of Edo Castle to imperial forces. After the Meiji Restoration, he became an official of the Shizuoka Domain, followed by a posting as governor of the short-lived Imari Prefecture. Later, he served in the court of Emperor Meiji as a chamberlain and close aide. Yamaoka died at the age of fifty-two on July 19, 1888 of stomach cancer. Prior to his death, he is said to have composed his death poem first, then sat formally and closed his eyes, slipping into death.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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